Definite Articles in Spanish

Clear Articles in Spanish A clear article, called an artã ­culoâ definidoâ in Spanish, causes a thing to allude to a specific thing or things of its group. In English, the unmistakable articleâ is the. In Spanish, there are five different ways to state the. The four most normal Spanish clear articles areâ el, la, los and las in Spanish. A fifth, less as often as possible utilized unequivocal article,â lo,â is some of the time suitable. Clear articles are likewise some of the time alluded to as unmistakable determiners. Spanish and English have various guidelines with respect to when a positive article is required or can be overlooked. All in all, Spanish regularly utilizes a positive article in situations where English doesn't. For instance, the English sentence, Mr. Earthy colored is rich, doesn't have the unmistakable article the. A similar sentence converted into Spanish would be, Elâ seã ±or Brown es ​rico. ​In Spanish, the distinct article, el, is utilized. Understanding in Number and Gender In Spanish, number and sex have any kind of effect. Is the word plural or solitary? Is it accurate to say that you are alluding to a male or female or manly or ladylike word? The Spanish distinct article must concur with the sex and number of the thing that follows it.â Manly Form of The The manly type of the is el if alluding to one thing, the solitary type of the word. For instance, the feline is el gato. The manly and plural type of the, if alluding to more than one thing, would be los libros, which means, the books. Female Form of The To state the when alluding to a solitary thing that is viewed as a female word, for instance, the word entryway in Spanish is viewed as a ladylike word, puerta. Aâ speaker would state, la puerta, for the entryway. To pluralize the word, when alluding to more than one entryway, the correct type of the unmistakable article is, lasâ puertas. Utilization of Lo to Mean The Loâ can be utilized as a fix, which means not sex explicit, clear article before a descriptive word to make a theoretical noun. For example,â loâ importante, means mean, the significant thing, or that which is significant. Withdrawal Using El English has numerous employments of withdrawals, for example, isnt for isn't  or theyre for they are, mixing two words together to give meaning. In Spanish there are just two authority constrictions in the whole language and the two of them include the distinct article, el.â The words an el structure the withdrawal al.â For a model, Ella va al auto, implies, She is heading off to the vehicle. A Spanish speaker would actually say, Ella vaâ a el auto. The constriction al works all the more easily for this situation. The words de el structure the contractionâ del. An example, El libro es del profesor,â which actually means mean, the book is of the instructor, or all the more easily interpreted, the book is the educators. The contracted structure ofâ alâ usually intends to the andâ delâ usually methods for the.

Parts of Lathe Machine Essay Example For Students

Portions of Lathe Machine Essay A metal machine or metalworking machine is an enormous class of machines intended for exactly machining generally hard materials. They were initially intended to machine metals; be that as it may, distinctive the coming of plastics and different materials, and With their inborn flexibility, they are utilized in a Wide scope Of utilizations, and a wide scope of materials. In machining language, where the bigger setting is as of now comprehended, they are normally essentially called machines, or, in all likelihood alluded to by increasingly explicit subtype names (toolbar machine, turret machine, and so forth. These inflexible machine devices expel material from a pivoting workforce through the (commonly direct) developments of different cutting apparatuses, for example, device bits and boring apparatus. Cover: Front piece of the carriage get together in which the carriage handheld is mounted. Carriage: The carriage comprising of three primary parts, the seat, cross-slide, and cover, i s utilized to move the cutting apparatus along the machine bed, The seat, a H-peeped throwing mounted on the highest point of the machine ways, gives a methods for mounting the Ross-slide and cover, Compound Slide Rest: Movable stage on which the instrument post is mounted; can be set at an edge to the workforce. Otherwise called compound slide and compound rest. Counter Shaft: It is additionally called as Jack Shaft. It IS utilized to change the RPM of the engine. Headstock: The fundamental throwing mounted on the left finish Of the bed , in Which the axle is mounted. Houses the axle speed switch gears. Bed: The bed is an overwhelming, tough throwing made to help the working piece of the machine. On its top area are machined ways that manage and adjust the significant pieces of the machine. Lead Screw: Precision screw that runs the length of the bed. Used to drive the carriage under force for turning and string cutting tasks. Littler lead screws are utilized inside the cross-slide and compound to move those parts by exact sums. Seat: A throwing, formed like a H when seen from above, which rides along the ways. Alongside the cover, its one of the two principle segments that make up the carriage. Tail stock: The tailcoats can be balanced for tighten or equal turning by two screw set in the base. The tailcoats axle can be secured any situation along the bed Of the machine by the tailcoats clip. The tailcoats axle has an inner shape to get the flawlessly focused, Which offers help for the right-hand end Of the activity. The tailcoats hand wheel moves the tailcoats shaft in or out of the tailcoats throwing. It can likewise be utilized to give a hand feed to boring and reaming activities.

Should I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Should I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I had the pleasure of meeting many prospective students while attending Idealist graduate fairs in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle recently. A question I kept getting over and over was, essentially, Should I Apply? Im still not sure how to answer because: You are the only person who knows if this is the best time for you. I cant decide for you, nor can your family, mentors, or academic advisors. Its a personal decision to make. If you are afraid of rejection, I promise you that I cannot chance you with the few pieces of information you provide when we chat. The SIPA website goes over what we look for here. We value a diverse class who can learn from and support each other, drawing from their various personal experiences, different areas of study, and career trajectories. This is the benefits of an interdisciplinary program like SIPAs. But if you want a short answer to Should I apply? heres my best shot at answering. Im not sure if Im the right type of student for SIPA. Should I apply? I linked this post from 2012 that still rings true: You should not apply if you dont know what you want to do when you graduate. SIPAs MIA, MPA and MPA-DP programs are only two years, which is not a lot of time. Knowing what direction you want to take your future in is important for moving your career forward, and using SIPA to get you there. Decision paralysis is real when you get to Columbia each one class you take might mean 10 you cannot take. The Admissions Committee looks for your direction in your personal statement and application. Graduate school is challenging and a big investment, and we want to make sure this is the best path for you and your needs. You should not apply if youre interested in a straight theoretical/academia experience. Theres a reason we look for professional experience in the application is because SIPAs programs are meant to prepare students as practitioners in their field, who can apply the theory as well as learn it. You should not apply if you cant interact with people with different perspectives. Even for a policy and international affairs school, SIPA is on the more diverse side (and working towards improving this), with almost 60 percent of our incoming class this year made up of international students. These different experiences, backgrounds, and perspectives all add to the learning experience of the classroom, but if you cannot engage these differences without going on an angry rant, for example, you should not apply. I know SIPA looks for relevant professional work experience, but I think Im ready.  Im coming straight out of undergrad. Should I apply? Some people said No, dont apply yet because you more out of the SIPA program when you come in already having enriching experiences. Another student coming straight from undergrad said a strong yes. SIPA’s rigorous education forced me to think about these issues in ways I previously never had. I highly recommend reading the linked blog post for perspectives from actual SIPA students who applied straight from undergrad. Know that you are the only person who can decide when the time is right for you; and that the Admissions Committee does see  applicants that would be fantastic candidates after a year or two of working. Graduate school is a huge commitment in time, resources, and opportunity cost, and every candidate should make sure they can get the most out of their time in school. There is a part of my application that isnt so great. Should I apply? My short answer is, if you truly believe this is the right step for you, Yes and use the optional essay to explain any unusual situations that you werent able to address anywhere else in the application. I think theres a misconception that successful people, like those who get into Columbia University SIPA, never fail. That they are flawless people who succeed in everything. But for anyone who has work experience, mistakes happen, and successful people learn from failure. Failures can help you grow. We also understand that sometimes, life happens, often unpredictably. Adjusting to college as an 18-year-old can be difficult. Some people have employment gaps because they overworked themselves, or had a chance to travel the world and grabbed it. Sometimes you have personal issues that affect you, and you dont realize it until much later. That being said, we want to ensure students who attend SIPA can handle the rigorous curriculum here, which includes a foundation in policy and quantitative coursework at a graduate level. We want to ensure that you are certain SIPA is the right decision for you, and that you are able to articulate that. Use the optional essay as an opportunity to address this. And if you have nothing to address, that is totally fine too. Thats why its optional.

The Price Of Love By Jane Austen - 1315 Words

The Price of Love Within the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the concept of marriage is presented in the form of a contract, true sense of love, and what society deems is acceptable, which leads to different outcomes as a result of the actions taken throughout the novel. The union of marriage during this period of time was highly prioritized within society. While it was prioritized by society, there were different motives behind the holy union. Marriage was seen as an accomplishment and way of life in some eyes. In addition, society which is comprised of different classes viewed marriage differently. The wealthy class mainly saw marriage a business arrangement that brought similarly positioned individuals together. The†¦show more content†¦Collins. In the beginning of the novel Charlotte and Elizabeth who are friends are constantly surrounded with the pressure of getting married. Elizabeth who shows an interest in Mr. Wickham receives a proposal from her relative Mr. Collins. Elizabeth rejects the proposal, which causes an uproar in her family. The idea that marriage can be used to save one s life is showcased throughout the novel. In the eyes of Mrs. Bennett Elizabeth marrying Mr. Collins would save the family by allowing their property to stay within their family instead of being removed from them. Elizabeth who is an outspoken women, who adheres to her own wishes symbolizes the true quality of what a woman should possess. However her friend Charlotte symbolizes many women at the time who choose a life of marriage not for love, but for comfortability. In chapter 22 Charlotte states to Elizabeth, I am not romantic, you know, I never was, I never was, I ask only a comfortable home, and considering Mr. Collin s character, connection and situation of life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state.(p.76). She admits to Elizabeth that she does not love Mr. Collins, but she will still be happy due to his status and wealth. It is ironic that Elizabeth would not compromise her beliefs even to marry her own relative in order to save her family, while charlotte does without any hesitation. Given Charlotte s age

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Essay Topics for Grade 11

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Essay Topics for Grade 11 Also, you might make modification to your thesis to be able to make your principal argument more accurate. There are lots of purposes for creating an essay, but regardless of what they are, the structure is still the same all the moment. In certain situations, it's quite difficult to be descriptive and creative at the exact moment. Taking the opportunity to prepare an outline is going to keep you focused on the job at hand and permit you to get the most out of your time. The essay ought to be prepared in first individual, since it actually is you that is doing the conversing. Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you need to make an argumentative essay outline. In order to choose a great persuasive essay topic, it's crucial that you think about exactly how effective the topic will be when it has to do with writing about it. Pick an intriguing essay topic, and you'll begin enj oying it. Always think deeply about the way to create a fantastic essay structure it's a significant part academic writing. If you're writing a brief essay, it's allowed not to incorporate the references. Be attentive to the size it must be and get started writing the narrative essay outline. To compose an outstanding essay, it's important to use specific academic language. If your child doesn't excel at fiction writing and you know for sure they will have a selection of factual or fiction topics, you could concentrate on developing their capacity to compose a persuasive factual essay as opposed to battling uphill with creative writing. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Whether it's going to be a fantastic essay is dependent on your personal skills and capability to write. You may believe that interesting essay titles do all of the work, permitting you to add obvious examples and share ordinary ideas. Listed here are decent examples of Narrative Essays, designed to assist you consider the form more deeply. The style and the structure of an essay is determined by the particular kind of essay that you're writing on but the fundamental construction of an essay is still the exact same almost everywhere. The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Topics for Grade 11 When you are requested to choose a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. Prior exposure or knowledge about a specific subject provides better hindsight which may bring far better arguments on the issue. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to show your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. With the growth in technology in to day's Earth, there's been a sudden rise in the range of online academic writing solutions, If you're finding difficulty to select the very best, don't worry just choose our site. The remainder of your application is composed of plenty of computer generated averages. It's possible to write your Comparative essay by using online tips if you are ready to work hard and study the essential points supplied by different sites. In the event you're trying to find a severe and dependable essay writing service, we perceive the most suitable means to assist you. Following are various kinds of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic in accordance with your need and requirement. Deciding on an emotional topic is also an excellent idea. There is simply no interaction. Whenever you choose the topic which suits you most, remember the reason you write your essay, concentrate on the most significant details to tell about in your text and don't neglect the significance of senses and feelings in your essay. In any case, the shortage of appropriate grammar makes the listeners get rid of respect to the speaker. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the dearth of suitable understanding. There are some frequent mistakes produced by college applicants when seeking to produce their college admission essay a good one. Attempt to consider what age is fantastic for students to date with one another. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, because they are making the decision for their own children. Explain why parents are occasionally strict. Put simply, you King Lear essay will end with a concentrate on the consequence of the play. The decision of your King Lear essay will normally sum up what you've written in the principal body. Your King Lear essay main body will count on the form of assignment that you must write. A lso, the remainder of the essay in every case will differ considerably.

The Metamorphosis - Essay Example

The Metamorphosis is a fiction novel that attempts to explore idealism concealed in fantasy. The protagonist, Gregory is a sales man who is the bread winner of the family. He is a child of the family, but works hard to take care of his family, including his parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on The Metamorphosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has a very busy and tiring life. He is ever out on business trips or at work. His hard work is not in vain, he is able to meet the needs of his family. He does not like the job however, he is only striving to clear his parents’ debts, after which he intends to quit. It is at this point that the story gets dramatic suddenly, he metamorphoses into a vermin. The family is shocked at first, then when they realize he is no longer beneficial, they decide to get rid of him. The novel does not dwell on the event. The reader is faced with the aftermath. The whole happening, the how, is missing from the text. Perhaps the account of this is missing because Gregory must have been asleep, therefore could not decipher changes in his body. The main theme in the story is alienation. The story follows a simple straight forward plot which present the reader with a chance to easily comprehend. Gregory is alienated from the society, his family and himself. He opts for a permanent elimination after his metamorphosis. This is due to the fact that life becomes almost unbearable. He is an insect with a human identity. The Alienation in the Story The story appears simple and superfluous. From the onset, where Gregory turns into a vermin, the reader’s spirit is invoked into deep thought. The whole ideas seems irrational if not illogical, at least by the laws of science. We get to interact with the life of a business man, who can no longer fend for the family due to his new state. The whole story appears metaphoric as it goes beyond natural instincts. The story is carefully designed to make the user come to terms with it citation. This is to illustrate the truth of metamorphosis. Scientifically, metamorphosis is a process of irreversible transfiguration from one less developed form to a more developed form. In a story that attempts to create a fantasy in a real world, the reader is thrown into an unreal world that is unrecognizable by the mind. How can a man change into a Vermin overnight? As the story progresses, it gets clearer when compared with the present day industrial revolution. The advancement in technology makes the metamorphosis ‘real’. The story is symbolic and it gives a forecast into the future. The present day levels of alienation will be surpassed. The more the social Medias grow the more individualism grows. This shoots alienation to a whole new level. Much of the story is based on the after metamorphosis has taken place.it is only after he has turned into a gigantic insect that he begins to analyze his life. He had never thought about his interests at deep length. His main goal had been to work as hard as possible for the family. His parents had a debt which he had purposed to clear. When he turns into a vermin, he does not even for a moment ponder over the possibility. He is only thinking about how he is going to get to his job. To be able to sustain the family. He relates the situation with his inability to work, and laments about that only. He does not worry about how it happened. He quickly adapts to being an insect and hides behind the couch. He takes the whole life of an insect and alienates himself further. At the realization that he is no longer human, his family develops hostility. He becomes an enemy. The father wants to kill him while the mother faints. He is further alienated when the family gets ashamed of being with him. The members of his family thinks he is very ugly, dirty and scary. He also gets to develop the same attitude towards himself. We are showed how much serious it gets after metamorphosis has had effect. He is denied his rights. He is not a family member anymore. He has to adjust to a new life. Eating like an insect, sleeping under the couch among other sad realities. He has never had a chance to be close to anybody, since he has always been busy working. He had no personal life, his had been just work. It is only with his sister, Grete, whom he is a bit close with.He has always wanted to advance her studies in violin. He loved the way she played it. But now he could not even get a chance to watch her play, he was considered a nuisance. He loses track of his old life. He instead finds himself as a human being trapped in an insect body. He still yearns for his human lifestyle and hopes to incorporate it in his insect life. For instance, he does not approve of the decision by his family to remove the furniture from his room. His family assumes that he does not need them anymore since he is not a human now. But he does not cherish the idea of running around in an empty room. He however, is unable to make his wish known to them. His is an insect, with an ugly appearance. If he shows up to try to prove a point, it would only scare them and perhaps attract more hostility. Therefore he decides to maintain a passive nature. He prefers his room as it was previously as it reminds him that he is human. He wants to feel that he is still human, with feelings. He is not yet ready to lose his human identity as of yet. Earlier, he had a job and he was human, however, he was still alienated. He had work to attend to since he was the breadwinner of the family. Gregory was naturally motivated by the suffering of others. He didn’t want any other member of the family struggling. He worried about their wellbeing and for this cause, he was always alone working. He would either be in restaurant rooms on business trips or at work on his own. His urge to help his family is crystal clear, although this contributes actively to his alienation. The novel vividly describes Gregory’s plight before he undergoes metamorphosis. He starts lowly, then with hard work and great effort, he is able finally, to feed the family comfortably. The family is happy at his efforts, but does not make any attempts to understand his personal life. The family gets used to the provisions he makes. The family alienates him and does not see beyond the money he makes. Gregory dislikes his job. The job prevents him from living a life true to his lifestyle. He is forced into the job by circumstances. He plans on walking out, but cannot do so presently because he has a debt to clear. A debt he is paying for his parents. His selfless nature adds more to his personal sufferings as man. This makes his life unbearable even before his metamorphosis. He sticks to job he hates not because he wants to, but because of a more honorable cause. This, as expected, alienates him further. The protagonist, Gregory agrees to die, when the sister, with whom he had ever managed an intimate relationship with, finally decides that they need to get rid of him. â€Å"The decision that he must disappear was one that he held to even more strongly than his sister if that were possible. In this state of vacant and peaceful meditation, he remained until the tower clock struck three in the morning. The first broadening of light in the world outside the window entered his consciousness once more. Then his head sank to the floor of its own accord and from his nostrils came the last flicker of his breath.† (135pg). He approves of the idea partly because he thinks that it would do the family good. He thought he was already becoming a burden, and one who is used to reaching out to people, promptly approves of his death. This is the final stage and the most fatal permanent alienation he subjects himself to. The novel brings Gregory’s alienation to light before and after metamorphosis. He suffers both as a human and as an insect. He suffers more as a vermin as compared to when he was still human. He can no longer go to work, thus the guilt weighs more heavily on him. He is now an insect and feels that he needs to disappear from the lives of his family members, therefore he opts for a permanent method. He dies, thereby alienating himself permanently. How to cite Essay on The Metamorphosis, Essays

Magus Of Strovolos Essays - Gnosticism, Mystics,

Magus Of Strovolos The neophyte stood in front of the altar with a large divine imagine facing her. On the alter was a folded white robe with a sword upon it. A initiated member of the inner circle lit white candles and incense while another switched on a powerful twin light to illuminate the divinely image. The highest member of the inner circle then took the sword, and preceded with the ritual initiation of the neophyte into the inner circle of the ancient mysteries. (Markides 124) This scene invokes the imagination to think of Freemasonry, fraternal organizations and even Witchcraft. This is a ritual steeped in the esoteric world of mysteries, but yet it is seemingly Christian! This is the world of Spyros Sathi, the Magus of Strovolos. A man of great spirituality and wisdom. He is known in his region as a great healer, and is highly revered for his gift. Today he coexists with the Christian church who would have most definitely sent the inquisitioner after him in the past. Although Spyros Sathi is a Christian holy man, is teachings are a swirl of Gnostic and alchemical mysticism. Mysticism is a spiritual discipline aiming at a union with the divine through meditation and contemplation. (Webster's 466) It has long played apart in religious traditions in every part of the world. "Those who claim to have actually experienced this direct revelation constitutes an elite tradition which transcends the boundary lines of individual religions, cultures and languages." (Adhayananda 1) There are many Mystic Schools of thought, but some of the more well known are; Ancient Egyptian, Cabalistic, Tantric, Yogic, Sufism, Alchemy and Gnostic. Spyros Sathi, also known as Daskalos, seems to work with all these traditions, especially Gnosticism. Of course I must add that there's always blurred boundaries between these traditions because they all inter link in various aspects. Daskalos transcends these boundaries, and uses these traditions as an artists would a palette. Daskalos is greatly influenced by the Gnostic-Christian legacy. His teachings mirror that of the Gnostic gospels. It was Simon Magus who first brought Gnosticism to light in the apostolic era. (Picknett & Prince 316) The first clue to Gnostic thought in Daskalos' teachings is his invisible master, Yohannan. "Daskalos went on to explain that Yohannan was none other than Jesus' disciple, John the evangelist, who spoke through Daskalos' body." (Maekides 6) The fact that John the evangelist is Daskalos' invisible master is very significant because John the evangelist was supposedly recipient of Jesus' secret teachings. (Pickett & Price 333) These teachings are what have come to light in the "Gnostic Gospels", found in the Egyptian desert, and date back to the fourth century.(Pagels xvi-xvii) These versions of the canonical gospels are very Gnostic in verse, and it is well known that the New Testament was not complied until 325 CE at the council of Nicaea by bias Catholic priest. Daskalos seems to be teaching those secret teachings of Jesus, which greatly differ from the current popular Christian doctrines. Another apparent correlation between gnosticism and Daskalos' teachings is the way each views the role of Judas Iscariot's betrayal of Jesus. In a Gnostic writing, Judas was held to be a man far advanced in the gnosis. "Judas's ?betrayal' was in fact an act of complicity with Christ's purpose, and he thus contributed to the scheme of salvation." (Holroyd 48) Daskalos has some very similar words about Judas; "The role of Judas is something within the Divine Plan because it facilitates its unfolding." (Markides 115) Although not as pronounced, but still worth mentioning is how the apostle Peter is portrayed. "I remember Peter was rough-looking, blondish, with heavy arms. He always held a stick, chasing people away from Jesus. Peter was envious of Yohannan because of his education. He apparently had an inferiority complex because he was illiterate. I remember that Yahannan would smile and shake his head whenever he would see Peter with the stick in his hand driving people and children away from master." (Markides 120) Although Daskalos is not informing us of some great new revelation in the personality of Peter , he has always been viewed as , for lack of better words, the "macho man" of the disciples, the fact that Daskalos makes this statement in reference to John the evangelist is! Lynn Pickett and Clive Prince write about the great occult scholar A.E. Waite, in their book, The Templar Revelation: "The presence of a secret tradition within Christianity that was behind the whole concept of legends also recognize the alchemical, hermetic and Gnostic elements in the

The Effect on the Church During the Black Death Essay Example

The Effect on the Church During the Black Death Essay Example The Effect on the Church During the Black Death Essay The Effect on the Church During the Black Death Essay Essay Topic: The Black Monk The Black Death stands as a convenient divider between the central and the late Middle Ages in Europe.Also known as bubonic plague was caused by an infectious flea on rats.It was highly contagious and the victims usually died in around 3 days after thefirst symptom.Itfirst erupted in the Gobi Desert in the late 1320s, without any available reason.It traveled fast infecting all Asia and in China the plague dropped the population about one hundred million over the course of the 14th century.Arriving in Italy in 1347 it spread quickly through the continent. By the time it was done with Europe it killed on fourth of the population or around twenty-five million people.Though the population dropped dramatic the Christian church suffered the most in this horrifying period of time. In the early and central Middle Ages the church was the most powerful group in Europe.It was the European government and the wealthiest group on the continent.When the plague started the church became even more p owerful and popular the ever.The Church dealt with the Plague in a number of ways. The most distinguished of these was that there were much more processions and vows, hoping of gaining recognition from God.In this quote by an unknown individual When in 1347 the plague was raging at Luebeck the confession was so great that the citizens, as if deprived of their senses, took leave of life and willingly renounced all earthly possessions. They bore their treasures to the monasteries and churches to lay them on the steps of the altars. But for the monks the money had no attraction, for it brought death. They closed their gates, but the people threw their money over the walls of the monasteries; they would brook no impediment in their last pious work, to which they were urged by mute despair. [Black] it is clearly seen that the church maybe became more popular than it ever was.As seen in the quote above the monks didn

23 Things Not To Say To Your Coworkers

23 Things Not To Say To Your Coworkers It’s important to get along with your coworkers. You don’t have to be best friends, but you do have to make sure you don’t alienate or offend anyone; you never know when you might need a favor or a contact or a helping hand. Here are 23 things you should absolutely avoid doing or saying at all costs. Keep your conversation non-contentious and keep your work life drama free.1. â€Å"How much do you make?†This is an awkward and unprofessional thing to ask. Even if your motives aren’t jealous and competitive, it puts everyone in an awkward position. If you really need to find out, there are probably other ways.2. â€Å"Can I borrow some money?†Okay, so you forgot your wallet in your car or in your other purse. Every once in a very little while it’s okay to ask someone to spot you, provided you pay them back the next day at the latest. But if you’re often â€Å"misplacing your wallet,† don’t be surprised if you never g et invited out for lunches or happy hours anymore.3. â€Å"Honestly†This little word can do a surprising amount of damage. If you feel the need to say it, people might wonder why. Are you not always speaking honestly?4. â€Å"Did you hear about†¦?†Just don’t gossip. It will only reflect badly on you in the long run. Especially if it’s a negative comment about a coworker. Keep your mouth shut and stay above the fray.5. â€Å"Those pants look great on you†Compliments are always nice, right? Just keep them neutral, and not based on someone’s appearance or physique. You never want to be accused of sexual harassment. Compliment someone’s earrings or briefcase instead.6. â€Å"You people always†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Any complaint that lumps people together- breastfeeding moms, religious people, political parties- is best never said out loud in the workplace. These kinds of comments can also get you in trouble for harassment.7. â€Å"When are you due?†If you haven’t explicitly been told by a woman that she is pregnant, don’t mention it- no matter how obvious you think it is. When she decides to share with you about her pregnancy, then (and only then) you can comment. This will save you from awkward moments when you make assumptions that don’t turn out to be true.8. â€Å"I’m sorry to bother you.†Why? If you’re really sorry, you won’t do whatever it is you’re going to do. Chances are, you have nothing to be sorry about. Try â€Å"Pardon me; do you have a sec?† instead.9. â€Å"I’m outta here†If you’re looking for another job, resist the temptation to ask your coworkers if they have any leads. At best, they’ll start writing you off as all but gone. And at worst, they’ll spill it to your boss.10. â€Å"Look at this rash.†Even if you think you have a fascinating medical problem, nobody at work really wants to be inv olved. It will probably just gross people out. Feel free to share if you have a headache, but not a boil or wart.11. â€Å"I think†Don’t preface everything with â€Å"I think,† particularly if you aren’t trying to express being unsure. If you know what you’re talking about, go ahead and say it directly.12. â€Å"Wow, I didn’t think you’d get that†Whether it’s a big project or promotion, you’ll win nothing expressing surprise that a coworker got chosen over you. The only acceptable answer here is â€Å"Congratulations.† Keep your shock to yourself.13. â€Å"When I’m in †¦ [insert fancy vacation spot]†If you’re lucky enough to be taking trips to fancy places, try not to brag. â€Å"While I’m away† is just fine for work purposes.14. â€Å"Am I invited?†Everyone is heading out to lunch and you’re still at your desk. Chances are, you weren’t invited. D on’t make things awkward. Give them a chance to ask you along, but if they don’t, then don’t make a scene.15. â€Å"Hook up†Even if you’re just innocently asking someone if they want to grab coffee over the weekend or after work, don’t use the words â€Å"hook up.† â€Å"Get together† will do just fine and spares you the weird sexual overtones.16. â€Å"They won’t miss these†You pocket some goodies from the snack room to take home to your roommates. All well and good unless you get caught- a fire-able offense. Never mind the fact that you shouldn’t steal from work; talking about it will only increase your chances of being caught.17. â€Å"My boyfriend blah blah blah†Constantly indulging personal details is not going to win you many work pals. It’s okay to talk about this with your actual pals, but keep your mouth shut when unsure of the company. You don’t want to be the TMI coworker vot ed â€Å"mostly likely to overshare.†18. â€Å"She took all the credit for my idea†Even if it’s true, you’ll look like a sore loser if you say it out loud. Keep it to yourself, or address the credit-stealer individually in a more appropriate circumstance.19. â€Å"Can I borrow your [personal toiletry]?†No coworker is close enough to share deodorant. Just don’t ask. If you need some, go buy it in your lunch break.20. â€Å"I’m suing.†Don’t make empty threats. If you have a legitimate grievance, talk to your lawyer about it, not your coworkers. Don’t compromise your case by blabbing off.21. â€Å"Your kid doesn’t seem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Just say no to ever making critical comments about your coworkers’ children. If you don’t have something nice to say about them, keep your mouth shut- or lose the popularity contest before you’ve even begun.22. â€Å"Maybe you should join a gym†Unless yo u’ve been asked directly for fitness or diet advice, don’t broach this subject with anyone. Even if you think a bit of exercise could help them. They will almost always be hurt.23. â€Å"When are you retiring anyway?†Answer: NONE OF YOUR BUSINESS. Plus, it’s very unwise to make assumptions about a coworker’s age.

Airline Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Airline Marketing - Essay Example Thus, it is necessary for the company to decide which advertisement can work or not work for the company (Shaw 311). In this context, applicability of print advertising in the airline industry will be checked. The advantages and disadvantages of print advertisement will be offered. Print Advertising Print advertising normally includes newspapers, directories, technical press, leaflets, yellow pages, and magazines. In the UK, print advertising accounts for about 75% of all the advertising expenditure. It is estimated that some million advertisers’ use print media on a daily basis and that over 12000 publications are found in the UK (Blythe 486). Print adverting usually contains unasked for and sought after advertisements. Sought after advertisements is classified and categorized according to product brand and consumer need. These are advertisements are considered to be people’s choice as people seek out for them. They contain all the information required by the readers. Unsought after advertisements are the display advertisements that are made to be eye-catching and persuasive to the readers (Blythe 487). Some of the elements that make the unsought after advertisements gain the reader’s attention include: Text – the weight of the content tends to have a significant impact on capturing the reader’s attention. ... Permanence – it is important to note that print advertising unlike radio and TV is permanent. This is because the advertisement can be reread or clipped and saved. Among the print advertisements, magazines are kept for longer period than the newspapers while directories are normally kept for many years. Print media are easily read on airplanes, buses and on trains. This is because individuals rarely bring with them TVs or even radios on public transport. In such a case, the print advertising gets the readers full attention (Blythe 486). The success of advertising can be evaluated through checking coupon returns. Statistics are generally available on readership, circulation, and sales figures. These figures make the planning of media easier. Most of the magazines gather data on the reader’s characteristics and they are capable of telling potential advertisers about the readers’ demographics and the types of purchases they make (Blythe 487). Newspapers, magazines, and periodicals are the common types of print advertising used by most organizations as their marketing communication strategies. Each form of print advertising has its own advantages and disadvantages and thus it is the mandate of the organization or the company to choose the type of print advertising that suits them best. Newspapers are not costly hence; local retailers usually buy about 85% of them. Retailers use newspaper advertising extensively because it is relatively cheap in comparison with other forms of media advertisements. The newspapers offer local coverage thus a lot of money is not wasted in attempting to reach individuals outside the scope of company’s market area. It is timely and the advertisements can be placed prior to their appearance (usually

Managing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing services - Essay Example The researcher then targeted UK websites in which people complained about food. These were ideal for the investigation because such parties are already quite willing to seek remedies for their problems. They were requested to take part in the survey and asked to click on a link which would provide them with access to the forms. After completion, volunteers were supposed to click on another link which would allow them to submit their responses to the researcher. The link was centrally placed in the form. Evans and Mathur (2005) notes that one of the advantages of online surveys is the ease with which one can access a large sample space. It is easy to obtain contacts if one already has a target audience. In this research, persons who complain about food services are already tried and tested clients of the service industry under analysis. Therefore, they are ideal for this food service investigation. The study involved an analysis of the responses obtained through mathematical methods. Currently, some elements of analysis are not complete but will be completed in the coming weeks. Respondents were to select specific answers from a set of four possible choices. It was relatively easy to analyse these outcomes. Duffy, et al. (2005) explains that one of the reasons why researchers are attracted to this method of market research is its speedy and relatively unproblematic response times. The research demonstrated that several customers paid attention to the degree of cleanliness in fast food restaurants. Simple things like whether a waiter dipped their fingers in the salad or used different tongs for different food items affected customer perceptions of the quality. Barber and Scarcelli (2010) echo these sentiments in their US survey which found that cleanliness was of primary significance to clients. A number of respondents also cited their interactions with service providers as a key indication of value. Some believed that fast franchises are too keen on

Managing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing services - Essay Example The researcher then targeted UK websites in which people complained about food. These were ideal for the investigation because such parties are already quite willing to seek remedies for their problems. They were requested to take part in the survey and asked to click on a link which would provide them with access to the forms. After completion, volunteers were supposed to click on another link which would allow them to submit their responses to the researcher. The link was centrally placed in the form. Evans and Mathur (2005) notes that one of the advantages of online surveys is the ease with which one can access a large sample space. It is easy to obtain contacts if one already has a target audience. In this research, persons who complain about food services are already tried and tested clients of the service industry under analysis. Therefore, they are ideal for this food service investigation. The study involved an analysis of the responses obtained through mathematical methods. Currently, some elements of analysis are not complete but will be completed in the coming weeks. Respondents were to select specific answers from a set of four possible choices. It was relatively easy to analyse these outcomes. Duffy, et al. (2005) explains that one of the reasons why researchers are attracted to this method of market research is its speedy and relatively unproblematic response times. The research demonstrated that several customers paid attention to the degree of cleanliness in fast food restaurants. Simple things like whether a waiter dipped their fingers in the salad or used different tongs for different food items affected customer perceptions of the quality. Barber and Scarcelli (2010) echo these sentiments in their US survey which found that cleanliness was of primary significance to clients. A number of respondents also cited their interactions with service providers as a key indication of value. Some believed that fast franchises are too keen on

Managing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing services - Essay Example The researcher then targeted UK websites in which people complained about food. These were ideal for the investigation because such parties are already quite willing to seek remedies for their problems. They were requested to take part in the survey and asked to click on a link which would provide them with access to the forms. After completion, volunteers were supposed to click on another link which would allow them to submit their responses to the researcher. The link was centrally placed in the form. Evans and Mathur (2005) notes that one of the advantages of online surveys is the ease with which one can access a large sample space. It is easy to obtain contacts if one already has a target audience. In this research, persons who complain about food services are already tried and tested clients of the service industry under analysis. Therefore, they are ideal for this food service investigation. The study involved an analysis of the responses obtained through mathematical methods. Currently, some elements of analysis are not complete but will be completed in the coming weeks. Respondents were to select specific answers from a set of four possible choices. It was relatively easy to analyse these outcomes. Duffy, et al. (2005) explains that one of the reasons why researchers are attracted to this method of market research is its speedy and relatively unproblematic response times. The research demonstrated that several customers paid attention to the degree of cleanliness in fast food restaurants. Simple things like whether a waiter dipped their fingers in the salad or used different tongs for different food items affected customer perceptions of the quality. Barber and Scarcelli (2010) echo these sentiments in their US survey which found that cleanliness was of primary significance to clients. A number of respondents also cited their interactions with service providers as a key indication of value. Some believed that fast franchises are too keen on

Persian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Persian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy Essay I have been quite fascinated by the many changes that keep happening to what seems to be a certainty and realized that doubt has traditionally played a significant part in the philosophy of knowledge. The ancient Greek philosophers debated the issue of knowledge and the relevance of doubt. Plato described knowledge as justified true belief1 the key word being belief which in itself is subject to interpretations by individuals. The famous French philosopher Renee Descartes tried to define knowledge in terms of certainty and in his arguments the path to certainty begins with doubt. In his book Meditation 1 What can be called Doubt, he says I realised that it was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start again right from the foundations if I wanted to establish anything at all in the sciences that was stable and likely to last.2 So is there any truth in the Persian saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge? Is this purely an epistemological rhetoric or will it hold true in areas of knowledge as diverse as science and arts? Nobel laureate and leading physicist, Richard Feynman described doubt in relation to science as follows: Scientific knowledge is a body of statements of varying degrees of certainty -some most unsure, some nearly sure, none absolutely certain. A strong parallel can be drawn between his statement and space research. What made man land on the moon or explore the possibility of life on Mars? As a knower, I know that if we would not have doubted the probability that man could live on the moon, space expeditions to the moon would have stopped after the near life and death drama of Apollo 13. The Apollo3 series of expeditions seemed to have established that the moon was completely uninhabitable because of its inability to sustain water. The desire to know and doubting what was already known, led to the Indian unmanned space expedition to the moon. The Indian space craft Chandrayaan discovered traces of ice on the moons surface. So, can man really live on the moon? Science generally relies on a set of deductive logic to prove their hypothesis. Euclids two dimensional geometry is a classic case of using modus ponens or deductive logic to prove assumptions or hypothesis. Going by this, one could easily argue as follows: Man needs oxygen and water to live. Water contains oxygen. Ice is formed from water. Ice has been found on the moon therefore, man can live on the moon. www.plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ modus ponens xenodochy.org/article/popper.html www.rep.routeledge.com/article/DA026SECT4 www.space.com/8193-caused-apoll-13-accient.html Popper doubted this process of deductive truism and said it cannot prove a theory true every time. In his theory of falsification he argued that modus ponens is purely truth preserving and therefore a better alternative is modus tollens which uses the conditions of denying to falsify the assumption e.g. if P implies Q and Q is false, then P must also be false. Poppers falsification theory pointed out no scientific theory is ever conclusively verified, no matter how many tests it has survived4 For example, Schizophrenia has all along been seen as a chronic relapsing psychotic disorder that primarily affects thought and behaviour.5 A recent study by the University College of London has established by means of an experiment that in some cases, the perceptions of schizophrenic people is more accurate than those without schizophrenia. Therefore a doubt is created whether schizophrenia is really a psychotic condition or are there other dimensions to it. Going by the argument that deductive knowledge doesnt always hold good, I can safely surmise that we do not have adequate information to conclude that man can live on the moon and therefore more questions need to be asked. On the other hand doubting every scientific fact leading to unnecessary research and information overload could lead to a situation of complete paralysis in our normal day to day life. For example, if we were to doubt that oxygen is a life giving substance, then it could lead to critical situations in medical emergencies. Similarly while dealing with society at large and friends and relatives in particular, if we were to doubt everything to seek more knowledge, we are most likely to find ourselves with very little knowledge and even fewer friends! Peoples emotions, intentions and their behavioural traits like honesty, integrity, sincerity etc. should not be doubted. There will be rare cases where people may want to deceive, but that by itself cannot lead to a doubt about people in general. _____________________ science.martinsewell.com/falsification.html priory.com/schizo.htm. Shakespeare said If music be the food of love, play on6.Wonderful as it sounds and probably not argued too much, yet people have researched the effect that music has on plants. There is one school of thought that believes and claims to have empirical data to prove that plants respond well to sedentary classical and similar genre of music but they wilt under the influence of hard rock and similar music. Drawing a parallel with human life they argue that hard rock, metal etc is actually detrimental for human growth and therefore should be banned. Traditional botanists however argue that the so called empirical data based on research is purely coincidental and there is no correlation between music and growth of plants. They resort to another set of evidence which shows that growth of plants is related to a number of factors that are not related to music such as condition of soil, temp, moisture content etc. On a third dimension, music itself has different genres enjoyed by different people. Therefore is music also subject to perception or is it absolute? Does it really impact plant detrimentally or otherwise? If we doubt the basis of the claims and counterclaims and pursue with investigation from all angles, then, knowledge will progress and facts can be established. Science notwithstanding, art is abstract enough to create its own set of debates which normally focuses on the likes and dislikes of the perceiver. This leads me to wonder, if art and aesthetics are synonymous then to what extent is beauty a necessary ingredient for something to be considered art? Platos theory of forms claimed that It is by beauty that beautiful things are beautiful. Immanuel Kant, an 18th century German philosopher on the other hand claimed that aesthetic experience is not a matter of understanding or reason, (and hence not true knowledge), but is a matter of judgment [Critique of Judgment].7 Taking this argument further, the painting by Eduord Manet8, Luncheon on the Grass, was hotly debated when it was first exhibited in 1863. Most of all it was not viewed as an art, but as an affront to society. The painting, depicting a naked woman sitting amidst two fully clad men, all of whose images were contemporary and almost identifiable as one among the viewers, earned the painter the wrath of the critiques and masses. Yet an earlier painting by Thomas Coutre in 18479, Romans in The Decadence of the Empire depicted a scene with Romans lying about with many naked women in various poses of sensuality. It appears to me, that a nude in classical settings such as the ancient Greek or Roman empires was considered acceptable but a nude in contemporary setting was not. Either way, the painting, known for its controversy today hangs as a masterpiece in the Musee D Oray in Paris. 6. www.enotes.com/shaespeare-quotes/music-food-love-play 7 www.creatorix.com.au/philosophy/t03/g010.html 8 http://blog.photos2view.com/2008/05/27/art-and-controversy.htm 9 http://www.essentialart.com/acatalog/Edouard_Manet_prints_Luncheon_on_the_Grass.html As a student of visual arts in IB, I was told that there are three basic colours red, yellow and blue. While using the computer, trangely I found that the primary colours were red, green and blue, otherwise called the RGB format. So, what are the basic colours? The answer lay in the different mediums where they are used. Red, yellow and blue are primary colours which are used in while mixing dyes to achieve other shades and colours on a painting canvas. Red, green and blue are used where there are overlapping shades to be used while projecting on screens such as in LCD panels or monitors for computer screen. My doubt about the basic colours led me to seek additional information. The key to knowledge in this area of art was learning how to mix primary dyes in painting and this learning has been both experimental and experiential. Taking the Platonist view that knowledge is justified true belief, I can now reasonably claim to have knowledge that red and yellow if mixed in equal proportions would give the colour orange or shades of orange. Whether the area of knowledge is science or arts, doubts and questions remain. Some answered with a reasonable amount of justification which points to a probable definitive answer based on information available at that point in time and others remain unresolved leading to further doubts. Therefore the question is knowledge absolute or is it infinite? We can never know unless we doubt all knowledge leading us to seek more and more information. The downside do we doubt everything in life or should we accept some events as empirical realities. The answer? It is situational. At the end, as a knower, when I look at the word doubt I can safely say that the Persian saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge is not just an epistemological rhetoric; it is indeed a means to gain more knowledge. In the words of H L Mencken an influential writer and critic of the 20th century, Men become civilized, not in proportion to their willingness to believe, but in proportion to their readiness to doubt.9 ___________________________ www.leopoldsegedin.com/essay_detail_mona_lisas_smile.cfm www.notable-quotes.com/d/doubt_quotes.html

What Is the Relationship Between Social Change and Changes in Space and Time?

What is the relationship between social change and changes in space and time? Illustrate with examples drawn from at least two of : changes in cities, changes in media, changes in intimacy. In looking at the relationship between social change and changes in space and time. We first require understanding of what social change is. Sociologists from every school of thought agree that social change is inevitable within our society. Social change is a highly diverse debate that has been analysed by theorist’s looking at the effects of social change on society. Anything that is socially constructed can be altered. Little changes are triggered by larger changes taking place. Urban life changed and progressed toward an industrial society. Space and time has been reordered. The working day was determined by the seasons, and by the amount of daylight there was. This however has changed, and the working day is now structured around clock time. Space within the home has changed. With family units not as large as previously had been and the availability of better housing conditions, families do not spend the same time together. In looking at some of the theories that have been documented with regards to changes in media and changes in intimacy we begin to acquire an understanding of how sociological change has had an impact. The new media phenomenon holds a lot of potential for benefiting society. â€Å"Belonging to a digital culture binds people more strongly than the territorial adhesives of geography† (Mackay pg. 123) Many who are not able to use conventional methods of communication are given an outlet whereby they can. Many are unable to visit places of interest to them and ICTs host many features allowing people to view and learn about places they would in most cases not be able to physically visit. â€Å"Internet communities – which are seen as binding people together in some sort of common culture in which imagined realities are shared† ( Hugh Mackay pg. 159) The new ICTs can also be contested in that with having no physical contact can leave individuals feeling alone, isolated from others and could produce a desire for the physical presence of others. Together, today’s networks constitute a new form of society† (Hugh Mackay pg. 141). Internet does not alienate between creed, colour, ethnicity or disability and therefore it can be suggested that this multicultural society brings with it a form of social structure and community without any prejudice. There is no stigma attached to it. Castelles views the new technological devices of our society as the beginning of a rev olutionary change. Globally the new forms of media have transformed the ways of communication and the availability of information. Timeless time and the space of flows† (Hugh Mackay pg. 141). By this he means that with new technology being made available there is no longer a need or reason for waiting time to exist. Everything is instantaneous, and can be acquired at the touch of a button. Snail mail has been replaced with e-mail. We are able to access many things at any time of the day or night. Also there is no physical space taken up. Cyberspace allows the exchange of all forms of information without the requirement of physical documentation. If the nineteenth century was the age of the telegraph and telephony, and the twenty – first century becomes that of biotechnology, it is not necessarily the case that the intervening era of late modernity is to be conceived as the ‘information age’† (Golding pg. 129) Golding does not agree with Castells view that there is a revolutionary change taking place due to the development of ICTs. His view is that social changes throughout the years are due to evolutionary developments. â€Å"Brief history of the electric telegraph shows that significant reordering of time and space began long before the internet† (Mackay pg. 142). He suggests that communication with others via e-mail hosts the same enthusiastic doctrine as is held by those wishing to write in the conventional way. Also the enthusiasm held by the introduction of ICTs was just the same as had been with the invention of the semaphore telegraphs. â€Å"In the future, it is claimed, ICTs will unlock the door to a society of unlimited resources. The plentitude of the information economy will end deprivation and need. † (Golding, pg. 130). Golding does not foresee this happening as the use for ICTs will always require manufactured upgrades and money being spent to ensure the running of them. The only form of media that he views as having ‘consistently high penetration’ (Golding pg. 130) is television. The cultural imperialism thesis looks at the media expanding throughout the world. It is generally assuming that the exportation of different cultures from West to East is not beneficial within society. Schiller denotes that this approach is pessimistic. â€Å"Cultural exports not only restrict other countries’ development of their own production industries, but also, quite insidiously, manipulate and shape cultural values. (Mackay pg. 145). He does not believe that any good can come from knowledge being shared in this way. There is in his view, an adverse effect on different cultures generated by this method. Negroponti is optimistic about the introduction of the media sources. Internet allows us to have access to anything at any time of night or day. Everything in his view will flourish. He sees those entering the sector will grow and get better with time as the creation of new technologies advances through time. It has become easier to communicate with each other regardless of location. There has been an increase in dating sites which can be accessed at any time and by anyone. There has been a transformation from traditional conventional ideologies about what is termed intimacy. Due to media there are many more public arenas for the discussion of both personal and public relationships. â€Å"Cyberspace offers the possibility of the increased development of personal relationships in an apparent disembodied space† (Woodward pg. 191). There are fewer secrets held within the boundaries of relationships. This generates a freedom of self in a way whereby people can decide their identity. It can be suggested that this manner of communication allows those within society to talk openly about their lives as the information given is received by a faceless audience. This however does not always prove to be a beneficial factor as there is a threat of undesirable people choosing to become part of a society they would not ordinarily live within the realms of. There is no threat as to ones true identity, no questions require truthful answers. Intimate relationships were at one time kept secret from the public domain what went on behind closed doors stayed there. â€Å"Selling – point is the minutiae of the daily lives and personal relationships of the rich and famous†( Woodward pg. 186). Magazines make the most profit when they are selling stories about celebrities and the scandals associated with them . Giddens â€Å"transformation of intimacy† (Woodward pg. 201) shows that there has been a change socially within the realms of intimacy. He looks upon marriages as only being beneficial to the participating partners for as long as they gain fulfilment from it. He sees an increase in equality within marriages. â€Å"Relationships between women and men which aspire to the pure relationship are more equal, with men as well as women being concerned with the emotional quality of the relationship and being prepared to make investment in this form of intimacy† (Woodward pg. 201)Another factor suggested by Giddens is what he denotes as â€Å"Plastic sexuality† Women can decide if they want to reproduce and by what method they want to reproduce by. They are free to enter into sexual relationships without the threat of becoming pregnant. â€Å"This search for personal satisfaction through intimate relationships leads to greater reflexivity. † (Woodward pg 202. ) Giddens does not however, document accounts of those within ethnic minorities, or make reference to relationships whereby intimacy is achieved without closeness for example with the use of prostitution, thus not holding true to his assumptions on pure relationships. Intimacy can be between friends, it does not always involve partners having a sexual relationship. Lynn Jamieson believes that inequalities still remain within society. As she states â€Å"There are significant disjuncture between public and private stories about personal relations, especially in the context of the more optimistic variants of idealized discourses of transforming intimacies. (Woodward pg 203. ) Unlike Giddens she does not see equality within partnerships. Material circumstances account for much of the unhappiness that exists. Divorce rates are still high and in the majority of cases are instigated by the women. Another factor that challenges Giddens theory is that she suggests domestic violence is still concurrent and therefore shows the depths to which inequalities lie. In conclusion, we can see that social change has altered the organization of society. â€Å"Changes in the boundaries between public and private space. These boundaries are not fixed in time and space but are continually being redrawn and transgressed† (Woodward pg. 186). People adapt to changes and accustom themselves to their presence. From looking at the changes within space and time we can see how there has been a move from rural to industrialised society to the developing technology. We as a nation are aware of what is happening globally and it is easy to contact and communicate with others worldwide. We can acquire information about almost anything that interests us. There are no longer boundaries or space that can stop interaction with others. Time is no longer a barrier. Although there lies many debates and questions regarding social change the only thing that can be agreed upon is that there will always be changes within our society. Reference: Hugh Mackay cited in â€Å"Social Change† edited by Tim Jordan and Steve Pile, Open University Press, Milton Keynes 2002 Kath Woodward cited in â€Å"Social Change† edited by Tim Jordan and Steve Pile, Open University Press, Milton Keynes 2002 Lynn Jamieson, @From â€Å"the family† to sex and intimacy (1998) cited in â€Å"Social Change† edited by Tim Jordan and Steve Pile, Open University Press, Milton Keynes 2002 Word Count: 1550 approx

Fdr And The Great Depression - 783 Words

QBERT: (Quote) â€Å"The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little.† (Background) Franklin Delano Roosevelt quoted this at his second Inaugural Address on January 20th, 1937. (Explanation) Throughout his terms, FDR has had many successful outcomes during his presidency into what shapes our nation today. (Relationship) FDR progressed with many achievements to help America revive and prosper. (THESIS) The response of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s administration to the problems of The Great Depression was effective because they created the New Deal program, revived enterprise, and made better use of the country s land. Acknowledgement of other side- There was different opinions on how FDR managed situations such as Huey Long who believed FDR was doing nothing for the country. Topic Sentence Point 1: FDR disproved critics by creating various programs that assisted many people and improved the country’s economy. Supporting evidence: FDR created The New Deal which was made up of many effective programs. Example: â€Å"The country now enjoys the safety of bank savings under the new banking laws, the careful checking of new securities under the Securities Act and the curtailment of rank stock speculation through the Securities Exchange Act† (Text 3 Lines 23-25). Explanation: These programs recovered the public confidence in the security of savings and changed the policiesShow MoreRelatedFdr And The Great Depression1842 Words   |  8 Pagesswiftly and effectively as FDR either. He set out to bring an end to the Great Depression, which had been created by fear itself. Undaunted, FDR and Congress, together, were able to pass a whopping 15 major bills in FDR’s first 100 days in office as a part of his New Deal. 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Expansion programmes in business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2615 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Executive Summary Hobart plc is a small and sedately growing UK based company, engaged in the business of productions and sales of soft drinks. The company has recently embarked upon a major expansion programme, through acquisitions, as well the setting up of manufacturing facilities in the emerging markets of East Europe. Both the asset base and the long-term borrowing of the company have increased significantly in the last year. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Expansion programmes in business" essay for you Create order The expansion initiative has also resulted in increases in overheads, without any corresponding enhancement in sales, and has caused a drop in profitability and strain on working capital resources. A detailed financial analysis, based upon examination and analysis of operating parameters and financial ratios reveals that while the current profitability of the company is under pressure, the situation should improve significantly as the returns from the recent investments start coming in and the expansion plans gain traction. The shares of the company are currently trading below book value, primarily because of the reduced profitability of the company in 2006. The fundamentals of the company, and their overall operating parameters, however, continue to be strong and the share should show marked improvement in the medium term, as recent investments start yielding results. While there is little chance of the shares of the company improving sharply in the near future, prospects for inv estors willing to hold the shares for a period of at least two years appear to be extremely attractive. 1. Introduction Hobart plc is a UK based manufacturer of soft drinks, active mostly in the small institutional market. While the majority of its customers are in the pub and restaurant segment, the company also tries to reach retail customers through small supermarkets. In recent years, the company has attempted to grow through acquisitions in the UK, as well as in Eastern Europe, with the establishment of a production unit, in Poland, in 2006. This report attempts to analyse the working of Hobart through (a) a study of its financial figures for the last two years, (b) its key ratios for a further two year period and (c) a comparative analysis with a local competitor, a company which is also small in size and operates in similar markets, in order to determine the suitability of investing in the company. The report is for the specific use of prospective investors. It ma kes use of financial statements and attempts to come to conclusions, mainly through ratio analyses, of relevant financial, capital and operational parameters. The report has sequential sections that describe the prospective users of this report, discuss the general limitations of ratio analysis, contain the financial analysis, and finally detail the findings, conclusions and recommendations. The appendices contain details of the mathematical working, used in computing the ratios. 2. Users Users of financial analyses primarily comprise of two distinct segments, internal, and external, to the company. Internal users include members of the management, as well as other employees. The list of external users is of course much larger and consists primarily of stakeholders who have personal interests in the performance of the company. Shareholders, suppliers, customers, lenders, investors and concerned regulatory bodies are members of this list of external users. Apart from these grou ps, other external users include industry watchers, analysts, policy makers, members of economic and financial think tanks, and of course competitors. (Osteryoung, Constand, and Nast, 1992) This particular exercise, as stated earlier, makes use of competitor data for arriving at conclusions. Corporate performance becomes relevant for these users for different reasons, with different users looking at diverse parameters for their individual assessment purposes. Lenders, for example, may, primarily look at the extent of interest cover provided by earnings, as well as information on the extent of borrowing, currently in use by a company. Gearing and Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ratios will be able to provide these users important information on the relationship between borrowed and owned funds, and the adequacy of capitalisation. Investors may find it worthwhile to analyse the Earning per Share and the Price/Earning ratios in order to decide on buying and selling decisions, and to assess whether the analysis reveals any information that could lead to profitable investment decisions. Comparison of P/E ratios, with other firms in the same business would provide information about under or overvaluation of the scrip in the equity market and help in decision-making regarding to buying or selling shares. Long-term shareholders would on the other hand look at fundamentals, corporate performance and prospects for the future, in order to assess the worth of their investments. Members of the management would need to analyse financial statements, primarily to assess corporate performance, and to set targets for the future. This user group would mainly examine operational ratios, vis-ÃÆ'  -vis profitability and liquidity, and use their findings as a base for carrying out improvements in efficiency and setting targets. (Osteryoung, Constand, and Nast, 1992) It is probably in their hands that its use becomes most beneficial, for the progress and well-being of the corpor ation. 3. Limitations of Ratio Analysis Ratio Analysis continues to be one of the most basic tools in use for financial analysis. Business schools and professional accountancy courses deem its usage to be intrinsic to analytical exercises in finance, and parameters abound for acceptable limits for the different ratios in common use. Ratios help in analysing the operational and financial health of companies, especially with regard to issues like solvency, leverage, liquidity, operational efficiencies, and profitability. Ratios of related figures, for example, stocks of finished goods and sales, or current assets and current liabilities, are determined and tracked over time to assess the financial health or operational efficiency of particular companies. However, ratio analysis also has many serious limitations, which, if unattended, can invalidate its conclusions. These limitations have come to be widely accepted by financial experts, who now use ratios in conjunction with a host of other information. Ratio analysis primarily depends upon an analysis of published figures; any inaccuracies in the preparation of these figures will automatically affect the validity of the inferences provided by its usage. (Wells, 2001) In an era distinguished by creative accounting and corporate scams, illustrated by the demise of Enron and the collapse of Arthur Anderson, financial statements are looked at with scepticism. Notwithstanding the requirements of Sarbanes Oxley and the convergence of international accounting practices, the first limitation of ratio analysis stems from the questionable reliability of accounting statements. Ratios again depend upon financial figures that pertain to either revenue or capital items, which can, in turn, be subject to completely different influences, depending upon the size of the company and the nature of its business. While a weak current ratio could denote liquidity problems in a small company, it could just be an indicator of s upplier exploitation in the case of large and financially strong companies, which have the muscle to extract longer payment periods from their suppliers. The same ratio may thus need to be analysed differently for organisations of different sizes. To give another illustration, debt equity ratios are generally far larger for capital-intensive businesses like cement than for FMCG companies like Unilever, where working capital needs are significant, and investments in plant and machinery are remarkably low. It is also important to consider that ratios reflect the financial status of a company at a particular point of time. These analyses will thus not be able to reflect the effect of any subsequent developments, positive or negative. The reliability of accounting documents, the essentiality of different ratios to reinforce and not contradict each other, the size of the business, the nature of the business or industry, and the date of preparation of the analysis are capable of influe ncing the interpretation of ratios, thus need particular attention. (Giacomino, and Mielke, 1993) 4. Financial Analysis This exercise is predominantly dependent upon the use of ratios in key operational areas for its findings, conclusions and recommendations. While other information available on data pertaining to earlier years as well as on a competing company, namely Adelaide plc helps in the analysis, the validity of the exercise is subject to the limitations of ratio analysis, elaborated in some detail in the previous section. The analysis pertains to five significant financial and operational areas, namely, (a) profitability, (b) asset utilization, (c) liquidity, (d) capital structure, gearing and risk and (e) investments. The appendix contains details about the premises involved and the calculations undertaken for the preparation of these ratios. The table, provided below gives a snapshot of the various ratios used for the analysis. While computation of ratios for Hob art for 2006 and 2005 are from available financial information, the ratios for Hobart for 2004, as well as for Adelaide, for 2006 and 2005 are from directly obtained data. While a few ratios are unavailable, as is evident from the empty grids on the table, the available data is sufficient for some detailed preliminary analysis. Ratio Group Ratio Hobart 2006 Hobart 2005 Hobart 2004 Adelaide 2006 Adelaide 2005 Profitability Operations Return on Capital Employed 6% 20% 18% 17% 19% Asset Turnover 1.36 1.45 Gross profit Margin 38% 40% 41% 36% 39% Net Profit Margin 5% 14% 13% 13% 15% Trade Receivables Period 50 days 41 days 37 days 29 days 28 days Asset Utilisation Asset Turnover 1.13 1.48 Stock Turnover 49 44 Liquidity Current Ratio 1.43 2.79 1.7 2.3 2.0 Quick Ratio 0.89 1.68 1.3 1.5 1.4 Capital Structure, Gearing Risk Gearing Ratio 44 % 36% 32% 25% %24 Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ratio 56% 64% Interest Cover 1.55 times 6.25 times Investment Earnings per Share 0.04 GBP 0.24 GBP Price/ Earnings 17.5 times N/A A preliminary financial analysis of Hobartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance does not make for very happy reading. The first problem relates to sales growth, which is growing excruciatingly slowly, creeping up at a rate of less than 10 % per annum. The last year, which saw a growth of less than 5 % was exceptionally poor. Considering that sales figures also include the effect of price rises, it is possible that volume growth was even poorer than that reflected by financial figures. The year 2006 has been poor in terms of net profitability, despite a marginal increase in sales, and little change in gross margins. While the Gross profit margin has dipped marginally from 40% to 36%, the net profit margin has crashed from 14% to 5%, with a corresponding dip on the Return on Capital, which has dipped from 20 % to 6%. This drop in profitability has occurred because of a sharp increase in administrative expenses, which have gone up by 2000 GBP, practically 6.7 % of revenues. Other than this, the other major cause for worry with regard to operational efficiencies arises from the increase in trade receivables, which have been increasing steadily during the last three years. Trade receivables in 2006 were at 50 days of sales, compared to 37 days in 2004. This could possibly be due to an increase in terms of payment and needs investigation in detail. Prima facie, the ratios denote a sharp fall in profitability, because of an increase in administrative expenses, and this could certainly be a cause for concern. This expense, along with a few other factors evident from a perusal of the accounting statements, needs analysis in the context of recent acquisitions, and the installation of manufacturing facilities in Poland. Capital structuring figures and ratios indicate a significant increase in long-term assets, as well as funding, through the issue of debentures. However, the increase in the value of long-term assets is significantly higher than the funds obtained from debe ntures. This factor, compounded by the increase in administrative expenses, which have eaten up much of the yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operational profits, has led to the balance of the increase in long term assets having to be funded from the internal funds of the company. The ratios pertaining to short-term liquidity, i.e. current ratio and quick ratio have worsened accordingly. In comparison to Adelaide, Hobart appears to be a significantly larger company with both sales and assets that are practically four times the former. The wisdom of comparing the ratios of these two companies is thus questionable. However, the key operational ratios of both companies were reasonably similar before 2006, when Hobart put its expansion plans into motion. Adelaide follows a practice of revaluing its long-term assets, and as such may have an even smaller asset base than that evident from the financial records. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations Hobart is in the middle of a major expansion exercise, in the UK and in Eastern Europe, through acquisitions, and installation of manufacturing facilities. These activities have obviously resulted in a strain on current operations and profitability, as expenses, including interest costs, have increased without a corresponding increase in sales or gross profits. Even though the price of the share is currently trading at less than its book value, the PE ratio of 17.5, compared to the industry average of 11, indicates that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plans have the approval of investors and market watchers. The company should see a sharp increase in revenues and earnings as its investment plans bear fruit. Even otherwise, Hobart is adequately capitalized and financially and operationally strong enough to ride out the current drop in profitability, until sales increase in response to investments. The price of the share, at 70 p appears to be extremely attractive for investing, if bought with an intention to hold for at least tw o years. While there appears to be little chance of the share price appreciating in the immediate future, it should certainly appreciate strongly in the medium and long term. Long-term investors, if they buy at current market prices, should find their investment in Hobart to be extremely rewarding. Appendix This appendix contains details regarding the computation of various ratios used in the report. A. Profitability Ratios 1. Return on Capital Employed = Profit before Interest and Tax/ Capital Employed at the beginning of the year Details 2006 2005 Capital Employed at the beginning of the year is equal to Total assets less Current Liabilities 22000 20000 Profit before Interest and Tax 1400 4000 Return on Capital Employed 0.06 0.2 2. Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales/ Capital Employed at Start of the Year Details 2006 2005 Capital Employed at the beginning of the year is equal to Total assets less Current less Current Liabilities 22000 20000 Sales 30000 29000 Asset Turnover Ratio 1.36 1.45 3. Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit/ Sales * 100 Details 2006 2005 Gross Profit 11400 11600 Sales 30000 29000 Gross Profit Margin 0.38 0.40 4. Net profit Margin = Net Profit (Profit before Interest and Tax) / Sales * 100 Details 2006 2005 Net Profit 1400 4000 Sales 30000 29000 Net Profit Margin 0.050 0.14 B. Asset Turnover Ratios 5. Fixed Asset Turnover = Sales/ Fixed Assets Details 2006 2005 Fixed Assets (Non Current Assets) 26560 19600 Sales 30000 29000 Net Profit Margin 1.13 1.48 6. Stock Turnover Ratio = Inventory/ Cost of Sales X 365 Details 2006 2005 Inventory 2500 2100 Cost of Sales 18600 17400 Stock Turnover Ratio 49 44 C. Liquidity Ratios 7. Current Ratio = Current Assets (Inventory and Trade Receivables)/ Trade Payables Details 2006 2005 Current Assets 2500 + 4100 =6600 2100 + 3200 = 5300 Trade Payables 4600 1900 Current Ratio 1.43 2.79 8. Quick Ratio = Trade Receivables/ Trade Payables Details 2006 2005 Trade Receivables 4100 3200 Trade Payables 4600 1900 Current Ratio 0.89 1.68 D. Capital Structure, Gearing and Risk Ratios 9. Gearing Ratio = (Total Liability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Current Liability) / Capital Employed Details 2006 2005 Total Liability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Current Liability 18000-6000 = 12000 11000 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 3000 = 8000 Capital Employed = Total Assets less Current Liabilities 26560 + 6600 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 6000 = 27160 19600 + 5400 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 3000 = 22000 Gearing Ratio 0.44 0.36 10. Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ratio = Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Funds/ Capital Employed Details 2006 2005 Shareholders Funds 15160 14000 Capital Employed 27160 22000 Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ratio 0.56 0.64 11. Interest Cover = Net Profit before Interest and Tax/ Interest Details 2006 2005 Profit before Interest and Tax 1400 4000 Interest 900 640 Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ratio 1.55 6.25 H. Investment Ratios 12. Earnings per Share = Earnings/ Number of Shares Details 2006 2005 Profits after Tax 350 2360 Number of Shares 10000 10000 Earnings per Share (GBP) 0.04 0.24 13. Price/ Earnings Ratio = Price per Share/ EPS Details 2006 2005 Price per Share (GBP) 0.70 N/A Earnings per Share 0.04 0.24 Price/ Earnings Ratio 17.5 N/A Bibliography Giacomino, D. E., Mielke, D. E., 1993, Cash Flows: Another Approach to Ratio Analysis. Journal of Accountancy, 175(3), 55+. Osteryoung, J., Constand, R. L., Nast, D.,1992, Financial Ratios in Large Public and Small Private Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 30(3), 35+. Pettis, M., 2001, The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economies and the Threat of Financial Collapse. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 21, 2007, from Questia database: https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=104937007 Riahi-Belkaoui, A. ,1998, Financial Analysis and the Predictability of Important Economic Events. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Sannella, A. J., 1991, The Impact of GAAP on Financial Analysis: Interpretations and Applications for Commercial and Investment Banking. New York: Quorum Books. Wells, J. T., 2001, Irrational Ratios. Journal of Accountancy, 192(2), 80.